6 Different Types of Metal Detectors
When exploring metal detectors, you’ll see terms like VLF, Pulse Induction, and BFO (Beat Frequency Oscillation). These technologies are key to how metal detectors work. They help the detectors send, receive, and interpret electromagnetic signals.
To guide you in selecting the ideal device, it’s important to go deeper into these commonly used types and technologies. Knowing them will help you choose the right detector. It will let you make informed decisions.
Whether for fun or professional use, I’ll explain the types of metal detectors and their technologies. This will help you choose the right one.
What We’ve Mainly Discussed In This Blog?
- Types of Metal Detectors Based on Technology
- Their Advantages, Limitations, and Uses.
- Types of Metal Detectors Based on Their Specific Uses
Types Of Metal Detectors Based on Technologies
- VLF
- PI
- Ground-Penetrating Radar
- BFO
- 3D Imaging Detectors
- Motion and Non-motion Detectors
1. VLF Metal Detector- Technology and its advantages
Very Low Frequency (VLF) detectors are popular and widely used. They work by sending and receiving low-frequency electromagnetic signals. The frequency is usually between 3 kHz and 30 kHz and above.
VLF detectors consist of two coils: a transmitter coil and a receiver coil.
The transmitter coil creates a magnetic field. It induces a current in nearby metal objects.
Advantages of VLF Detectors
Learn in-depth about VLF machinese to know the application, advantages, and drawbacks in detail
1. Sensitivity to a Wide Range of Metals:
VLF detectors are very sensitive to metals. This makes them versatile for finding coins, jewelry, and relics. This is a well-established advantage of VLF technology.
2. Discrimination Feature:
One of the significant benefits of VLF detectors is their ability to discriminate between different types of metal. Based on my experiences and knowledge, VLF detectors have advanced discrimination capabilities.
This means they can be set to ignore certain types of metal (like iron or aluminum). This is extremely useful in areas with a lot of trash or where the soil is highly mineralized.
3. Effective at Shallow Depth Penetration:
VLF detectors are generally more effective at detecting objects at shallow depths. They are ideal for finding surface-level items such as coins and small artifacts. This is a well-known characteristic of VLF detectors.
Limitations in Mineralized Soils
- Not suitable for greater depth
- Can not handle highly mineralized soil
It’s true that VLF detectors are more prone to interference from mineralized soils. They also struggle with deep targets.
This is one of the known limitations of VLF technology, as highly mineralized soils can cause false signals and reduce the detector’s depth penetration.
Uses and Applications Of VLF Devices
- Metal Detecting:
Treasure hunters, hobbyists, and pros use VLF machines to find buried coins, jewelry, relics, and other metal objects.
These detectors are very good at finding small objects and telling metals apart.
- Archaeology:
Archaeologists use VLF-based devices to find and map buried sites. They uncover valuable insights into ancient civilizations and their cultures.
- Geophysics:
Geologists and geophysicists use VLF detectors to study the earth’s subsurface. They map geological formations and detect buried mineral deposits.
- Utility Detection:
VLF devices locate buried utility lines, such as water pipes, gas lines, and electrical cables. This prevents accidental damage during construction.
- Military and Security Applications:
VLF detectors are employed in military and security operations to detect hidden weapons, explosives, and other dangerous objects.
2. Pulse Induction Metal Detector: Understanding its benefits and limitations
PI Technology Operation:
PI detectors emit short bursts of magnetic fields, differing from the continuous signal of VLF detectors.
This is correct. PI technology sends powerful, brief magnetic pulses into the ground. It measures the decay of the resulting pulse. This detects deeper, larger metal objects.
9 Advantages of Pulse Induction Devices
PI detectors offer several advantages over other types:
1. Deep Detection- PI detectors can reach much deeper into the ground compared to VLF (Very Low Frequency) detectors. This is great for finding gold nuggets that might be buried deeper.
2. Excellent in Mineralized Soil- PI detectors work really well in areas with lots of minerals in the soil. I’ve always found PI detectors better at resisting interference from mineralized soils. They work well in areas where VLF detectors may struggle.
3. Wide Range of Detection- With pulse induction devices, you can detect a wide range of metal types, including gold, silver, copper, and iron.
4. Salt Water Performance- They work great at beaches and in salt water, where other detectors might struggle.
5. Less Affected by Small Trash- PI detectors are less likely to give false signals from small pieces of metal trash, making gold hunting easier.
6. Simple to Use- Many PI detectors have fewer settings to adjust, which can make them easier for beginners to use.
7. Good for Large Objects- They’re excellent at finding larger metal objects at greater depths.
8. Consistent Performance- PI detectors work better in all soil types.
9. Less Ground Noise- They produce less “chatter” or false signals from mineralized ground, allowing you to focus on real targets.
Limitations of PI Detectors
1. Less Effective on Small Targets:
This is a valid limitation of PI technology. PI detectors are less sensitive to small objects. They are not ideal for finding small relics, coins, or jewelry near the surface.
2. Operational Complexity:
PI detectors can indeed be more complex to operate compared to VLF detectors. Their responses to various metals and ground conditions are complex. So, they need more experience to interpret them correctly.
3. Cost
PI detectors are generally more expensive than VLF detectors, making them a less economical option for beginners.
4. Discrimination Capabilities
Some PI detectors can discriminate between targets. But, they may not distinguish metals as well as VLF detectors.
5. Weight and Bulk
PI detectors are typically heavier and bulkier than VLF detectors, which can make them more cumbersome to carry and operate.
I suggest you know the differences in detail about these most widely used detectors: Pulse Induction Vs VLF
Best Pulse Induction Metal Detector
Pulse induction (PI) metal detectors are in high demand. They have great depth and can handle tough soil.
Here is one of the best pulse induction metal detectors based on my experience.
- Based on pulse induction technology
- 2 Coils- Relic & Treasure hunting coil
- Dedicated “Gold Mode”
- Exceptional stability and depth simultaneously
- All-terrain
- 50-inches large Inflatable coil
- Extremely stable in mineralized grounds
- No false tones
- One-button automatic ground balance
- All-metal mode
- Non-motion device
- Pinpoint target location
- Waterproof coils
- Powerful ferrous, nonferrous discrimination.
- Dual Slot armrest
- Adjustable shaft length
- Volume adjustment feature 1-9.
PROS
- All-metal-mode
- Special Gold-mode
- Inflatable coil option
- Stable on mineralized soil
- Works on all terrain
- Two coil options
- Iron Discrimination
- Automatic Ground Balance
- Waterproof coil
- Large coil easy to carry and transport
TGX-PRO has another advanced variant known as “TGX-PRO PLUS”. The difference is that PRO-PLUS connects to mobile via an app. It lets you monitor buried metal in real-time on a mobile screen.
3. Ground penetrating radar: applications in metal detection
(GPR) is a cutting-edge technology that has revolutionized the field of metal detection.
Unlike VLF and PI detectors, GPR uses radar pulses. It creates images of subsurface structures. VLF and PI detectors rely on electromagnetic induction.
This allows it to detect not only metallic objects but also non-metallic objects such as pipes, cables, and even voids in the ground.
Ground-penetrating Radar Operation:
GPR works by emitting high-frequency radio waves into the ground and measuring the time it takes for the waves to bounce back.
By analyzing these reflections, GPR can create detailed images of what lies beneath the surface. It is invaluable in archaeological surveys, utility mapping, and forensic work.
GPR Advantages:
One of the key advantages of GPR is its ability to provide a high level of detail and accuracy.
It can tell different materials apart and provide depth info. So, users can precisely locate and identify buried objects.
However, GPR systems can be costly. They need special training to interpret the data.
4. Beat frequency oscillator
If you’re new to the world of metal detecting, you may have heard about Beat Frequency Oscillator (BFO) detectors.
Before advanced technologies, detecting machines used the beat frequency oscillator (BFO) principle. But what exactly are they? Simply put, BFO detectors are a type of metal detector that uses basic technology to detect metal objects underground.
One of the key advantages of BFO detectors is their ability to detect a wide range of metals, including ferrous and non-ferrous materials.
This versatility makes them ideal for metal detecting in parks, beaches, and fields.
Also, BFO detectors are easy to use. So, they are ideal for beginners without experience in metal detecting.
BFO detectors may lack some advanced features of other types. They may not have discrimination or depth indication. But, they are a simple and reliable way to start metal detecting and find hidden treasures.
How BFO Operates:
BFO beat frequency detectors generate two distinct frequencies. They measure the difference between them.
When a metallic object is detected, it alters the frequency, producing an audible tone or a visual signal.
Why BFO:
BFO detectors are relatively simple and easy to use, making them a popular choice among beginners and hobbyists.
They are also more affordable compared to other technologies, making them accessible to a wider audience.
However, BFO detectors often lack the discrimination of VLF or PI detectors. They cannot tell different types of metals apart.
This can result in a higher rate of false positives and require more time-consuming target verification.
Despite their limitations, BFO detectors still have their place in certain applications. They are often used for general metal detecting, where discrimination is not a priority. They are also used as backup detectors with more advanced systems.
5. 3D Imaging Metal Detectors
3D Imaging detectors represent the latest innovation in the field of metal detection.
These advanced systems use cutting-edge tech, like ground-penetrating radar and electromagnetic sensors. They create detailed 3D maps of buried objects.
It lets users see the targets’ shape, size, and depth. This helps with excavation or further analysis.
Advantages of 3D Imaging
One of the key advantages of 3D imaging detecting machines is their ability to identify and classify objects in real-time.
A 3D imaging detector can find buried artifacts, utilities, or unexploded ordnance. It provides precise info about the target’s location and features.
They are an invaluable tool in archaeological surveys, construction, and landmine clearance.
Drawbacks of 3D Detectors
However, 3D imaging metal locators are usually more expensive than other technologies.
They also require specialized training and expertise to operate effectively.
Also, the complex data from these systems may need more processing and analysis to extract useful information.
6. Motion vs. non-motion metal detector Type
Metal finding machines fall into two main types based on their operating principle: motion and non-motion detectors.
Motion detectors require the user to sweep the search coil back and forth over the ground while keeping the detector in motion.
Learn in-depth about motion and non-motion detectors to find which metal detector type is suitable for you.
Motion Detectors:
Motion detectors are more commonly found in VLF and PI detectors. They are generally more responsive to smaller targets and provide a faster search speed.
However, using a motion detector for extended periods can be physically demanding and may result in fatigue.
Also, motion detectors can be more prone to false signals. Erratic coil movement or an inconsistent sweep speed can cause this.
Non-motion Detectors:
Non-motion detectors allow the user to hold the coil stationary while the detector scans the area.
Non-motion detectors are often used in:
- Ground penetrating radar systems.
- 3D imaging detectors.
- Some pulse induction devices.
They offer a more relaxed and comfortable search experience, as the user does not need to constantly move the coil.
Non-motion detectors excel at finding larger objects. They are also good for detailed surveys that need a slower search speed. However, they may be less sensitive to smaller or shallow targets, and the scanning process can be more time-consuming.
“To understand technologies better, we must know the detector’s working principle.”
Types of Metal Detectors Based on Their Specific Uses
1) Kids Metal Detectors
These kids’ detectors are lightweight and easy to use, making them perfect for young treasure hunters. They’re designed to be fun and simple, so kids can enjoy discovering coins, jewelry, and other hidden items.
2) Beginner Metal Detectors
Beginner detectors are user-friendly and often come with automatic settings to help new users learn the ropes quickly. These metal detectors for beginners are ideal for anyone just starting out in metal detecting.
3) Metal Detector for Coins
Special Coin hunting detectors are designed to find coins at various depths. They are tuned to detect smaller metal objects and are perfect for coin collectors looking to find hidden treasures.
4) Jewelry Metal Detector
A jewelry detector is a special tool designed to find lost jewelry like rings, necklaces, and bracelets. It works by detecting the metal in these items, even if they are buried underground or hidden in sand.
These detectors are great for use on beaches, in parks, or around your home to recover valuable or sentimental jewelry.
5) Relic Metal Detectors
Relic locators are specialized devices. They find historical, metal artifacts. These detectors are used to locate objects such as coins, buttons, buckles, and other relics buried underground from past eras.
Relic detectors are popular among hobbyists and historians looking to uncover pieces of history.
Choosing the Right Relic Hunting Detector:
When choosing a relic finding device, focus on five things. These are frequency, sensitivity, discrimination, ground balance, and ease of use.
Frequencies: Higher frequencies are better for small, shallow relics. Lower frequencies reach deeper targets.
Sensitivity: Determines how well the detector picks up signals from metal objects.
Discrimination: Helps distinguish between different types of metals, avoiding junk.
Ground Balance: Reduces false signals from mineralized soil.
Ease of Use: Choose a detector that is user-friendly and comfortable to handle.
Depth Indicator: Useful for knowing how deep the detected object is buried.
Search Coil Size: Larger coils cover more ground but may miss small items; smaller coils are more precise for detailed searching.
Battery Life: Ensure the detector has a long battery life for extended searching sessions.
6) Gold Prospecting Metal Detectors
These are specifically designed to locate small pieces of gold. They are highly sensitive to the smallest gold nuggets and flakes and are essential for any serious gold prospector.
7) Metal Detectors For Beach
Beach metal detectors can handle wet, sandy environments and are perfect for uncovering lost items on the beach. They use technology that can differentiate between treasure and common beach junk.
8) Underwater Metal Detectors
Underwater or waterproof detectors, for divers and snorkelers, can work at varying depths. They help find submerged items, from jewelry to ancient artifacts.
9) Metal Detector for Buried Weapons
These devices are used primarily for security and recovery operations. They are highly sensitive and can detect weapons buried underground or hidden in other materials.
For those seeking a more advanced solution, consider upgrading to a professional metal locator, which offers enhanced capabilities and precision for serious enthusiasts and experts alike. This type of equipment is ideal for users who demand high performance in their detecting activities.
Conclusion:
Isn’t it amazing how these detecting machines have evolved? Remember the old days with simple beat frequency oscillators?
Now, you have many advanced options. So, if you’re digging up relics, working on a site, or searching for treasures, the right machine can help a lot.
As I look ahead, the future of detecting metal seems exciting. I am talking about better features, clearer images, and even easier-to-use devices.
By keeping up with these changes, you’ll be at the forefront of metal detecting, ready to uncover all sorts of secrets hidden underground.
Now, you’ve got a solid grasp of the different types of detector technologies. It’s time to dive in and start your adventure.
Metal detecting is a fun way to connect with history and explore the world. You might find a priceless artifact or just enjoy the thrill of the search. Let’s see what you can discover!
I hope this blog on metal detector types helps you. The information I provided you is enough to start your journey to find hidden treasures!
Howard rockse
Hey there, I am Howard a deeply committed individual who likes to share my knowledge and insights in this field, having spent over ten years as a metal detectorist.
My experience with GoldXtra Detector has allowed me to provide trustworthy and informative advice to both new and experienced metal-detecting enthusiasts. I’m committed to assisting others in exploring and enjoying the world of metal detecting with the same enthusiasm and dedication that I have.
Howard Rockse
Senior Content Writer at GoldXtra
